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By the time the twenties ended not only had external events completely shattered the traditional way of life in Rhineland, but tech­ nological innovations had brought the modem and secular world to the village and homestead. These forces, combined with the economic crisis of the 1930's led to a reformulation of Rhineland society.

FOOTNOTES FOR CHAPTER V

1. The chapter heading "The World We Have Lost" is taken from a book by that name, written by Peter Laslett. Laslett uses that term to describe the structure of English Society before the Industrial Revolution, The term is here used in a more general sense to encompass the passing of traditional Mennonite village and colony life, in the face of encroaching modern society.

2. H. H. Ewert quoted in Adolf Ens, "Mennonite Relations with Governments: Western

Canada 1870-1925", (Ph.D. Thesis, University of Ottawa, 1978), page 280.

  1. Interview with Elizabeth Bergen, July 28, 1983.
  2. Adolf Ens, op. cit., page 281.
  3. Ibid., pages 282-286.
  4. Ibid., pages 292-308.
  5. Ibid., page 287.
  1. Esther Epp-Tiessen, Altona: The Story oj a Prairie Town. (Altona: D. W. Friesen and Sons, 1982), page 105.
  1. Adolf Ens, op. cit., page 315.
  1. C. B. Sissons quoted in E. K. Francis,!n Search of Utopia. (Altona: D. W. Friesen and Sons, 1957), page 180.
  1. Statutes oj Manitoba 1916,6 Geo. V Chap. 88 and 97.
  2. Adolf Ens, op. cit., pages 202-203.
  3. E. K. Francis, opt. cit., page 183.
  4. Adolf Ens, op. cit., pages 209-213.
  5. Letter to Valentine Winkler April I, 1919. Valentine Winkler collection, PAM.
  1. Letter to the Department of Education May 2, 1919; Valentine Winkler Collection, PAM.

17. F. H. Epp, Mennonites in Canada 1920-1940: A People's Struggle for Survival. (Toronto: Macmillan of Canada, 1982), page 105.

  1. Adolf Ens, op, cit., pages 239-241.
  2. F. H. Epp, op. cit., page 107.
  3. Adolf Ens, op. cit., page 273.
  4. F. H. Epp, op. cit., page 108.
  1. Adolf Ens, op. cit., page 334.
  2. F. H. Epp, op. cit., page 113.
  3. Ibid., page 117.
  4. Adolf Ens, op. cit., page 342.
  1. Peter D. Zacharias, Reinland: An Experience in Community, (Reinland Centennial Committee, 1976), page 202; F. H. Epp, op. cit., page 124; Interview with Jacob Rempel, June 8, 1983.
  1. RM. Rhineland Municipal Correspondence, March 3, 1926,
  2. Esther Epp-Tiessen, op. cit., page 109.
  3. Interview with Henry F. Friesen, Aug. 3, 1983, and Elizabeth Bergen, July 28, 1983.
  1. John B. Toews, Lost Fatherland: The Story oj the Mennonite Emigration from Soviet Russia 1921-1927, (Kitchener: Herald Press, 1967), page 83.

32. The term "Commonwealth" here refers to the system of colony self government

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